存储直通
存储直通技术（又称裸设备映射， RDM）为虚拟机提供了一种机制来直接访问物理存储子系统（IPSAN 或 FCSAN）上的 LUN，因此虚拟机中的业务能够直接访问存储设备或直接对存储设备下发控制命令。
通过使用裸设备映射，可以让虚拟机识别 SCSI 磁盘，实现在虚拟机内部下发 SCSI 命令，交给主机然后透传给存储设备进行处理，最后将应答返回。裸设备映射能够很好地支撑集群业务在虚拟机上的正常运行，降低大量使用物理服务器的成本，如OracleRAC和MSCS。
存储直通简单原理：裸设备映射，作为一个整体特性，将 LUN 映射到虚拟机中，支持虚拟机业务的正常运行。真正实现裸设备映射特性完整功能，PVSCSI 是其最重要的关键技术。PVSCSI(准虚拟 SCSI)技术，可以分为两部分。一部分为 SCSI 前端驱动，它通过 PV Driver安装在虚拟机内部。另一部分为 SCSI 后端驱动，作为linux内核模块运行在主机系统中。
当虚拟机部署集群业务后，一些磁盘控制类操作需要通过 SCSI 命令发送到存储侧以及获取相应处理结果， PVSCSI 实现了该通道：当业务对 SCSI 磁盘下发 SCSI 命令时， SCSI前端驱动将 SCSI 命令交给后端，后端 SCSI 驱动再将 SCSI 命令透传给实际的物理存储设备，并将物理存储设备的应答返回。
PCI直通
硬件直通是指将物理主机的硬件资源直接挂载给虚拟机使用，不需要经过hypervisor的模拟和过滤，虚拟机发的命令直接送到物理设备。
通过直通技术可以向虚拟机提供接近原生硬件的访问性能，对于I/O性能的提升达到了15%左右，同时还解决了数据库集群、加密狗类和图像处理类应用支持的问题。
SR-IOV
SR-IOV是在硬件直通技术的增强，可以在网卡数量有限的情况先仍然能够利用到直通技术的性能。该技术可以将一张网卡在硬件层面虚拟成多张网卡，被多台虚拟机直通使用。利用该技术不但可以保持原生硬件的性能同时可以将网卡的吞吐量提升约4%左右。
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存储直通、PCI直通和SR-IOV
存储直通、PCI直通和SR-IOV
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